Materials Used in Solar PV Panels Making

July 01, 2023

Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels are made up of several different materials, each serving a specific purpose. Here are the primary materials used in the manufacturing of solar PV panels:

Silicon: The most crucial material in solar panels is silicon, which is a semiconductor. Silicon wafers are used to form the basis of solar cells. They are typically made from high-purity crystalline silicon. There are two types of silicon used in PV panels: monocrystalline silicon (single-crystal) and polycrystalline silicon (multiple crystals).

Encapsulant: Solar cells are sandwiched between a front cover glass and a backsheet material, and an encapsulant is used to bind them together. Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) is the most common encapsulant used in solar panels.

Backsheet: The backsheet protects the solar cells from moisture and other environmental factors. It is a thin, durable, and weather-resistant material. Typically, a backsheet is made from a combination of fluoropolymer and polyester.

Front Cover Glass: The front cover glass protects the solar cells from physical damage and provides transparency for sunlight to reach the cells. It is typically made of tempered glass, which is highly resistant to heat and impact.

Frame: Solar panels are supported by a frame, which provides structural stability and protection for the internal components. The frame is usually made from aluminum due to its lightweight and corrosion-resistant properties.

Junction Box: The junction box is located at the back of the solar panel and houses electrical connections. It is typically made from plastic and contains diodes, bypass diodes, and terminal connectors.

Conductive Adhesive: Conductive adhesive is used to connect the solar cells together and create an electrical circuit. It allows electrons to flow between the cells and facilitates the movement of electricity within the panel. Silver paste or conductive ink is commonly used for this purpose.

Busbars: Busbars are thin metal strips that collect the electrical current generated by the solar cells. They are typically made of silver or copper and are placed on the front surface of the solar cells.

Antireflective Coating: An antireflective coating is applied to the front surface of the solar panel to reduce the reflection of sunlight and increase light absorption. This coating is usually made of silicon nitride or titanium dioxide.

These are the main materials used in the production of solar PV panels. The combination and quality of these materials affect the efficiency, durability, and overall performance of the panels.

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